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| Images |
| The following images are of a representative selection of foraminifera aimed at giving a general overview of the different morphotypes. Each specimen is given a generic and, if possible, a species name followed by its age range, the site location from which the sample was obtained and its size in microns. LM (Light Microscope) SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) TS (Thin Section). Typical and selected marker species are illustrated from each main period of the geological column in which foraminifera occur. Click on an image to view a larger version. Because Foraminifera formsuch a diverse taxon they have been split into three groups: planktics, benthics and larger benthics. |
| Planktic |
|
| Globigerina bulloides d'Orbigny |
| Pliocene-Recent |
| South Africa |
| 380 microns spiral view SEM |
|
| Globigerina bulloides d'Orbigny |
| Pliocene-Recent |
| South Africa |
| 416 microns umbilical view SEM |
|
| Globigerinoides ruber d'Orbigny |
| Miocene-Recent |
| South Africa |
| spiral view SEM |
|
| Globigerinoides sacculifer (Brady) |
| Miocene-Recent |
| South Africa |
| spiral view SEM |
|
| Globigerinoides sacculifer (Brady) |
| Miocene-Recent |
| South Africa |
| umbilical view SEM |
|
| Globorotalia inflata d'Orbigny |
| Pliocene-Recent |
| South Africa |
| spiral view SEM |
|
| Globorotalia inflata d'Orbigny |
| Pliocene-Recent |
| South Africa |
| umbilical view SEM |
|
| Globorotalia menardii (Parker, Jones and Brady) |
| Pliocene-Recent |
| South Africa |
| spiral view SEM |
|
| Globorotalia menardii (Parker, Jones and Brady) |
| Pliocene-Recent |
| South Africa |
| umbilical view SEM |
|
| Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (Ehrenberg) |
| Pliocene-Recent |
| South Africa |
| spiral view SEM |
|
| Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (Ehrenberg) |
| Pliocene-Recent |
| South Africa |
| umbilical view SEM |
|
| Orbulina universa d'Orbigny |
| Middle Miocene-Recent |
| South Africa |
| SEM |
|
| Hantkenina alabamensis Cushman, 1927 |
| Eocene |
| Montgomery Landing, Red River, Louisiana, USA |
| side view (slightly broken specimen) SEM |
|
| Pseudohastigerina micra (Cole, 1927) |
| Eocene-Oligocene |
| Montgomery Landing, Red River, Louisiana, USA |
| side view SEM |
|
| Globorotalia centralis Cushman and Bermudez, 1937 |
| Eocene |
| Montgomery Landing, Red River, Louisiana, USA |
| umbilical view SEM |
|
| Globorotalia cerro-azulensis Cole, 1928 |
| Eocene |
| Montgomery Landing, Red River, Louisiana, USA |
| umbilical view SEM |
|
| Parasubbotina varianta (Subbotina, 1953) |
| Lower-Middle Palaeocene |
| Zin Valley, Israel |
| spiral view SEM |
|
| Parasubbotina varianta (Subbotina, 1953) |
| Lower-Middle Palaeocene |
| Zin Valley, Israel |
| umbilical view SEM |
|
| Parasubbotina pseudobulloides (Plummer, 1926) |
| Lower-Middle Palaeocene |
| Zin Valley, Israel |
| umbilical view SEM |
|
| Subbotina triloculinoides (Plummer, 1926) |
| lower-upper Palaeocene |
| Zin Valley, Israel |
| umbilical view SEM |
|
| Subbotina triloculinoides (Plummer, 1926) |
| Palaeocene |
| Zin Valley, Israel |
| spiral view SEM |
|
| Abathomphalus mayaroensis (Bolli) |
| Upper Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) |
| Kassbah, N.W. Syria |
| umbilical view SEM |
|
| Abathomphalus mayaroensis (Bolli) |
| Upper Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) |
| Kassbah, N.W. Syria |
| lateral view SEM |
|
| Contusotruncana contusa (Cushman) |
| Upper Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) |
| Kassbah, N.W. Syria |
| dorsal view SEM |
|
| Contusotruncana contusa (Cushman) |
| Upper Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) |
| Kassbah, N.W. Syria |
| ventral view SEM |
|
| Globotruncana linneiana (d'Orbigny) |
| Santonian-Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) |
| Kassbah, N.W. Syria |
| dorsal view SEM |
|
| Globotruncana linneiana (d'Orbigny) |
| Santonian-Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) |
| Kassbah, N.W. Syria |
| ventral view SEM |
|
| Racemiguembelina fructicosa (Egger) |
| Middle-Uppper Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) |
| Kassbah, N.W. Syria |
| SEM |
|
| Racemiguembelina fructicosa (Egger) |
| Middle-Uppper Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) |
| Kassbah, N.W. Syria |
| SEM |
|
| Pseudotextularia elegans (Rzehak) |
| Campanian-Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) |
| Kassbah, N.W. Syria |
| SEM |
|
| Pseudoguembelina excolata (Cushman) |
| Campanian-Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) |
| Kassbah, N.W. Syria |
| SEM |
|
| Archaeoglobigerina cretacea (d'Orbigny) |
| Coniacian-Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) |
| Sens, N. France |
| scale bar 100 microns edge view SEM |
|
| Archaeoglobigerina cretacea (d'Orbigny) |
| Coniacian-Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) |
| Sens, N. France |
| scale bar 100 microns dorsal view SEM |
|
| Archaeoglobigerina cretacea (d'Orbigny) |
| Coniacian-Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) |
| Sens, N. France |
| scale bar 100 microns ventral view SEM |
|
| Hedbergella delrioensis (Carsey) |
| Coniacian-Santonian (Upper Cretaceous) |
| Faircross, UK |
| scale bar 100 microns ventral view SEM |
|
| Whiteinella baltica Douglas and Rankin |
| Coniacian-Santonian (Upper Cretaceous) |
| Winterbourne, UK |
| scale bar 100 microns ventral view SEM |
|
| Heterohelix pulchra (Brotzen) |
| Coniacian-Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) |
| N. Norfolk, UK |
| scale bar 100 microns side view SEM |
|
| Heterohelix globulosa (Ehrenberg) |
| Coniacian-Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) |
| Sens, N. France |
| scale bar 100 microns side view SEM |
|
| Hedbergella planispira (Tappan) |
| Aptian-Coniacian (Upper Cretaceous) |
| Karai, S.E. India |
| ventral view SEM |
|
| Hedbergella sigali Moullade |
| Barremian-Aptian (Lower Cretaceous) |
| Karai, S.E. India |
| ventral view SEM |
|
| Ticinella primula Luterbacher |
| Albian (Lower Cretaceous) |
| Karai, S.E. India |
| ventral view SEM |
 |
| Benthic |
|
| Spiroloculina ornata (d'Orbigny) |
| -Recent |
| Sea of Marmara |
| side view SEM |
|
| Elphidium macellum (Fichtel and Moll) |
| -Recent |
| Sea of Marmara |
| side view SEM |
|
| Brizalina alata (Seguenza) |
| -Recent |
| Sea of Marmara |
| side view SEM |
|
| Cassidulina neocarinata (Thalmann) |
| -Recent |
| Sea of Marmara |
| ventral view SEM |
|
| Siphotextularia concava (Karrer) |
| -Recent |
| Sea of Marmara |
| side view SEM |
|
| Bigenerina nodosaria (d'Orbigny) |
| ??-Recent |
| Sea of Marmara |
| side view SEM |
|
| Planorbulina mediterranensis (d'Orbigny) |
| ??-Recent |
| Sea of Marmara |
| unattached side SEM |
|
| Nonionella opima (Cushman) |
| ??-Recent |
| Sea of Marmara |
| side view SEM |
|
| Lagena striata (d'Orbigny) |
| ??-Recent |
| Sea of Marmara |
| side view SEM |
|
| Alveovalvulina suteri Bronnimann |
| Gulf of Mexico |
| LM |
|
| Cyclamina cancellata Brady |
| Gulf of Mexico |
| 1000 microns LM |
|
| Cyclamina acutidorsata (von Hantken) |
| Oligocene-Miocene |
| Gulf of Mexico |
| 1000 microns LM |
|
| Cyclamina acutidorsata (von Hantken) |
| Gulf of Mexico |
| 1000 microns LM |
|
| Reticulophragmium rotundidorsata (von Hantken) |
| Eocene-Miocene |
| Gulf of Mexico |
| 600 microns LM |
|
| Cribrostomoides sp. |
| Gulf of Mexico |
| 600 microns side view LM |
|
| Cribrostomoides sp. |
| Gulf of Mexico |
| 600 microns apertural view LM |
|
| Haplophragmoides bradyi (Robertson) |
| Gulf of Mexico |
| 600 microns side view LM |
|
| Haplophragmoides bradyi (Robertson) |
| Gulf of Mexico |
| 600 microns apertural view LM |
|
| Jarvisella karamatensis Bronnimann |
| Gulf of Mexico |
| 600 microns apertural view LM |
|
| Recurvoides azuamensis Bermudez |
| Oligocene? |
| Gulf of Mexico |
| 1500 microns apertural view LM |
|
| Textularia tatumi Cushman and Ellisor |
| Miocene? |
| Gulf of Mexico |
| SEM |
|
| Valvulina flexilis Cushman and Renz |
| Oligocene-Miocene |
| Gulf of Mexico |
| SEM |
|
| Nodosaria sp. |
| Jurassic |
| Villers sur Mer, Normandy, France |
| SEM |
|
| Nodosaria sp. |
| Jurassic |
| Villers sur Mer, Normandy, France |
| close up of aperture SEM |
|
| Vaginulina bernardi Paalzow |
| Oxfordian (Jurassic) |
| Villers sur Mer, Normandy, France |
| SEM |
|
| Ammobaculites coprolithiformis Schwager |
| Bathonian-Kimmeridgian (Jurassic) |
| Villers sur Mer, Normandy, France |
| SEM |
|
| Psammosphaera sp. Schulze |
| middle Ordovician-Recent |
| Voring Basin, offshore Norway |
| SEM |
|
| Miliamina fusca (Bradey) |
| ?-Recent |
| Voring Basin, offshore Norway |
| SEM |
|
| Quinqueloculina impressa Reuss |
| ?-Eocene |
| Voring Basin, offshore Norway |
| SEM |
|
| Larger Benthic |
|
| Helicolepidina cf nortoni Vaughan |
| ?Eocene |
| Barinas, S.W Venezuela |
| Thin Section |
|
| Heterostegina sp d'Orbigny |
| ?Eocene |
| Barinas, S.W Venezuela |
| TS |
|
| Lepidocyclina tobleri panamensis (Cushman) |
| ?Eocene |
| Barinas, S.W Venezuela |
| TS |
|
| Lepidocyclina pustulosa tobleri (Douville) |
| ?Eocene |
| Barinas, S.W Venezuela |
| TS |
|
| Lepidocyclina pustulosa pustulosa (Douville) |
| ?Eocene |
| Barinas, S.W Venezuela |
| TS |
|
| Discocyclina (Discocyclina) marginata (Cushman) |
| ?Eocene |
| Barinas, S.W Venezuela |
| TS |
|
| Lepidocyclina cf tobleri (Cushman) |
| ?Eocene |
| Barinas, S.W Venezuela |
| TS |
|
| Nummulites sp. Lamarck |
| Paleocene-Holocene |
| Ainsa, Southern Pyrennees, Spain |
| Thin section |
|
| Discocyclina sp. Gumbel |
| Mid Paleocene-Upper Eocene |
| Ainsa, Southern Pyrennees, Spain |
| Thin section |
|
| Alveolina sp. d'Orbigny |
| Upper Paleocene-Upper Eocene |
| Ainsa, Southern Pyrennees, Spain |
| Thin section |
|
| Alveolina sp. d'Orbigny |
| Upper Paleocene-Upper Eocene |
| Ainsa, Southern Pyrennees, Spain |
| Thin section |
|
